Reagan Administrations Foreign Policy in Latin America...

Reagan Administrations Foreign Policy in Latin America Throughout the Cold War the United States considered the installation in Latin America of radical regimes-socialist, Marxist-Leninist, or â€Å"leftist† in any way- to be utterly intolerable. Any such development would represent an advance for the communist cause and a vital loss for the West. Acceptance of this outcome could weaken the credibility of the United States as the leader of the west and as a rival for the USSR. In the eyes of Cold Warriors, the consolidation of any left-wing regime in the Western Hemisphere would have dire and perilous implications for U.S. national security and for the global distribution of power. It was therefore crucial to resist this possibility by†¦show more content†¦The next day Reagan signed an executive order approving the invasion. A combined force of 1,900 US Marines and army airborne troops launched an assault on Grenada. All significant military objectives were achieved in roughly 36 hours. Reagan justified the operation as a n effort to protect US citizens whose safety was threatened because â€Å"a gang of leftist thugs† (Lake 182) had seized power to forestall further chaos, and assist in restoration of democracy. In El Salvador, a mountainous coffee-growing country of 5 million citizens was ruled by an unholy alliance of large-scale landowners and military officers. Acceleration of agriculture exports during the 1960’s led to an increased concentration of rural holdings by large-scale landowners and in turn increased the percentage of peasants who had no land at all. A reformist challenge to the status quo came through the Christian Democratic Party, under the leadership of Josà © Duarte. As mayor of San Salvador, Duarte built strong connections with intellectuals, professionals, and other middle-class groups that if the military hadn’t interfered and imposed dictatorial rule he would have surely won the election for presidency in 1972. Fake elections in 1977 led to the installation of General Carlos Humberto Romero as president, who imposed a law to defend and guarantee public order. Duarte himself was imprisoned, tortured, and exiled but never fled to the hills. AShow MoreRel atedEssay on The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy1287 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy SHAMIKA WARD EMMANUEL OBUAH POL 300: Contemp Intl Problems May 31, 2013 The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy The Reagan Doctrine was the foreign policy in the United States, enacted by President Ronald Reagan. The doctrine was design to eradicate the communist governments in Africa, Asia, and Latin America that were authorized and corroborated by the Soviet Union. This assignment will review by what method the United States delivered open and private backingRead More America’s War on Drugs vs. Legalization Essay3396 Words   |  14 Pagesuse of illegal drugs. Many believe that this is a war worth fighting, while others feel that America will never conquer the war on drugs. The latter suggest legalization as an alternative plan that will help save the country millions of dollars. In this paper, I will examine the history of the drug war as well as the arguments for and against fighting the war on drugs. Illegal drug use in America dates back to the beginning of the 20th century. At this time two to five percent of the entireRead MoreWays the executive branch of the U.S. goverment, through various laws and acts, gained power over the legislative and judicial brances.1710 Words   |  7 Pagesprevalence of the legislative power severely limiting the authority of the executive, there is a large imbalance between the demands and expectations pressing in upon the President and his capacity to respond to them. The president cannot get his policies adopted by Congress without long delays and much bargaining. 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Discuss the history between America and Japan that led to the attack on Pearl Harbor in l941. 2. The Civil Rights Movement (l945-1965) included a legal attack â€Å"and† a grassroots attack on racism and segregation. Discuss why both approaches were needed and give example of both strategiesRead MoreThe Cause of Globalization18688 Words   |  75 Pagesactivity, and the liberalization of foreign economic policies. What are the causal relationships among these three trends? The second perspective, technological determinism, contends that the shrinkage of time and space has been so dramatic and so pervasive that there is essentially nothing that can be done to stop it. According to this view, technological changes have propelled international economic activity, and governments have been largely irrelevant. Thus, policy liberalization should be understoodRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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ISBN-13 978-0470-16968-1 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Brief Contents PA RT 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 UNDERSTANDING HRM The Dynamic Environment of HRM 2 Fundamentals of Strategic HRM 28 PART 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONTEXT OF HRM Equal EmploymentRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesreproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying

Becoming Eco Literate And Its Effect On Our Society

Ecologising education is at the forefront of education departments not only in regards to the earth but also the learning it can develop for the children. Not only is sustainability allowing our earth to regenerate but it gives children the opportunity to learn about their own consumption. Becoming eco literate has many values including active community participation, critical thinking and collaboration skills. These skills are sought after in society today, but with anything comes the challenges, not every person will learn to become sustainable and continue to carry on these habits throughout life as there are many other influences including friends and family. Ecologising education can also be known as education for sustainability†¦show more content†¦The key features to ecologising education is the fact that it is learner driven and it also can be integrated into every facet of the curriculum rather than being one topic in the curriculum that needs to be covered. Being sustainable allows for all cultural differences, it allows all cultures to come together with their common knowledge of their earth to develop an understanding of the environment, it’s consumption an effects, economic and social aspects of sustainability. Despite this diversity, many principles for living sustainably are shared, not only among indigenous peoples, but also between different religious traditions. (UNESCO, 2010) Children learning about sustainability and how to practice being sustainable will understand how nature works and they will be able to feel a close connection to the earth in doing so. As everything around us is continually evolving children are able to become resilient and flexible to adaptability. Children can get out in their environments and explore what their earth has to offer and how we can continue to help it regenerate. This gives hope to individuals rather than feel helpless, and it allows communities to come together and work collaboratively transforming one another’s change in thinking with the use of one common goal by looking for a better future. The value of ecologising education is it creates

Declining Fish Stock over-Fishing the World’s Oceans Free Essays

The world’s oceanic large fish populations are disappearing at an alarming rate and extinction is a growing concern. An estimated 90% are already gone and the situation will continue to get worse if drastic measures are not taken (University of Phoenix, 2007). Even though the fishing industry will suffer, conservation methods should be developed and enforced soon because large fish populations are endangered and their habitats are being destroyed. We will write a custom essay sample on Declining Fish Stock: over-Fishing the World’s Oceans or any similar topic only for you Order Now Various netting techniques not only deplete fish populations, but also destroy habitats for many of the ocean’s species including plants and animals. Growing world populations and commercial fishing have placed an overwhelming demand on the oceans. Drastic steps should be taken soon to allow fish populations to regenerate and to sustain the numbers necessary to maintain the oceans’ natural balance, and to feed the world’s growing human population. Steps should include conservation methods enforced by the United States (U. S. ) government, development of massive fish farms, and cooperation from other countries world-wide. Implementation of such measures will require active efforts from several organizations. According to Jeremy Jackson of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography, the damage to the ocean is almost complete but can be reversed (Wiley, 2000-2009). In an effort to bring this issue to the forefront and gain support, a plan must be devised and presented to key groups. In developing the plan, certain action items must be developed and completed prior to presentation to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The NOAA and EPA are strong influences on governmental policy and the public. Action Item One Within nine months, research regarding the effects of over-fishing large fish populations in the world’s oceans will be conducted. Endangered species and habitats will be identified. Research facts and concerns regarding the current impact on the environment and effects of the continuation of practices will be documented. Commercial fishing techniques and their impact on fish populations and habitats will be outlined, along with other statists related to marketplace demands and commercial fishing industry economics. Research will also include conservation and sustainment statistics and other information to support new and innovative ideas regarding fish farming. Environmental issues related to fish farming will also be identified and addressed. Locations for fish farms and the resources needed will be detailed along with funding issues. Fishing industries and human populations that will be most impacted by the plan will also be identified. Action Item Two Within three months following the completion of the research portion of the plan, a presentation will be developed. The presentation will include the purpose of the presentation and the urgent need for action will be explained. The purpose of the presentation is to urge the NOAA and EPA to develop and implement the Healthy Oceans Act to improve and sustain the oceans. According to the Natural Resources Defense Council, â€Å"A Healthy Oceans Act would provide a national vision for protecting, maintaining and restoring oceans while encouraging the development and implementation of local ocean plans†, (para. 10, n. d. ). Continuation of current practices and the lack of conservation efforts will result in devastating consequences. Industry changes will be addressed along with a plan for displaced workers. As part of the plan for fish farming, fisherman can be educated and relocated to areas where fish farms are developed and maintained. Fish farms will aid in marine repopulation efforts, provide jobs for displaced fishermen, and provide an alternative food source. Arnold (2009) states, â€Å"Some scientists say the answer is a massive growth of fish farming — a so-called â€Å"blue revolution† to help feed the planet† (para 2). Action Item Three In tandem with action item two, this action item will also be conducted due to the length of time it will take to pull together the target audience for viewing of the presentation and will be ongoing up to the scheduled date. The target audience includes key individuals from the NOAA, EPA, and various other environmental organizations in the U. S. These organizations are influential in Oceanic environmental issues, have much influence in local and global policies, and have far-reaching educational programs already in place. Action Item Four In month nine or when the date is set with NOAA and the EPA, informational packets and invitations will be created and distributed to key environmentalists to persuade them to attend. Names of key environmentalists will be identified and invitations sent through month 12. The addition of key individuals will serve two purposes. The first purpose is that they will bring to the meeting their experiences with local issues, financial concerns, and objections. The second reason is that they will be able to contribute their own ideas of how the implement the plan and what will work best in their areas. Action Item Five Prior to the meeting date, attendance and the location of the meeting will be confirmed. Reminders will be sent to all attendees along with pertinent information. Equipment will be assessed and the presentation completed. Objections to the plan will be anticipated and addressed in a question and answer session. Perception of the Plan and Effects The plan will include specific recommendations for placing at least 40% of the oceans off limits for the next 15 years (Natural Resources Defense Council, n. d. ). After 15 years the off limits zones will decrease to 30% and be maintained indefinitely. Environmentalists will see the necessity of the plan based upon the decreasing fish populations and degradation of habitats for other marine plants and animals. They will also be concerned about pollution generated by fish farms. Innovative ideas regarding the reduction of pollution will be presented. Commercial fishermen will be hurt the most and objections from industry fishermen will be strong. Fishermen have spent their lives fishing and with that in mind, opportunities for training, funding, and employment will be made available. Other Problems Caused by Commercial Fishing Commercial fisherman cause other problems to the marine populations by the way they catch fish. They catch many other animals unintentionally in their nets called â€Å"bycatch† (University of Phoenix, 2007). Additionally, they destroy many habitats by net-dragging and contribute to water pollution during their processes. Laws should be developed and enforced regarding bycatch and what should be done with the unintentional catch before they are destroyed in the process. Community Effects The creation of underwater parks or fish farms will create more jobs in coastal communities and for displaced fishermen. Lifestyles changes will affect fishermen the most and perhaps they will realize a financial loss on expensive equipment. Additionally, many of the areas where their fishing has been successful will be made off limits which will also cause financial losses.? University of Phoenix. (2007). Declining Fish Stock VLR. Retrieved October 10, 2009, from University of Phoenix, Week Six, SCI/275 – Water Resource Plan. John Wiley ; Sons, Inc. (2000-2009). Visualizing Environmental Science, Chapter 11. Retrieved October 10, 2009, from University of Phoenix, Week Six, SCI/275 – Water Resource Plan. Arnold, Chris. (2009). Feeding the World with Deep-Sea Fish Farms. NPR. Retrieved October 10, 2009, from http://www. npr. org/templates/story/story. php? storyId=5291579 Natural Resources Defense Council. (n. d. ). Reviving Our Oceans. Retrieved October 10, 2009, from http://www. nrdc. org/water/oceans/policy. asp How to cite Declining Fish Stock: over-Fishing the World’s Oceans, Papers

The United Kingdom Constitution

Question: Describe about the advantages of a written constitution far outweigh the disadvantages and the United Kingdom constitution should now be codified? Answer: At present there is no written constitution in the United Kingdom and in its place, there is a collection of laws and customs through which the political system of the country is governed. The UK and Israel are the only two democracies of the world where a written constitution is not present. The Constitution can be described as a set of rules to which the actions of the government are controlled in order to make sure that these actions are lawful. Therefore, it implies something that is much more significant than the idea of legality according to which, it is required that the official conduct should be according to prefixed rules. At the same time, it is also important that a constitution has the capacity to vary with the society. In the present assignment, the statement has been considered according to which the advantages of the written Constitution are much more than its disadvantages and therefore, it is time that the constitution of the UK should be codified. One major argument that needs to be considered in this regard is the fact that by enshrining the constitutional laws and customs in a document, clarity can be achieved for those who are working within the system and it will also be easier for the persons who want to scrutinise it. One more argument that is generally given in support of the need for having a written constitution is that of checks and balances. At present, it is considered that the judiciary is in a good Position regarding its ability to act as a check against the actions of the Parliament. Therefore it is argued that this power of the judiciary can be increased by a written constitution. It is believed by a large number of people that in case of party enjoys majority in the House of Commons; such political party is in a position to change the Constitution. An example in this regard can be given of the reforms introduced by former Prime Minister Tony Blair regarding the House of Lords. As a result of the majority, he succeeded in completely changing half of the legislature without any referendum or other means through which consensus can be checked. In such a case, a written constitution would certainly have acted as a safeguard because it makes it difficult to change. For example, for this purpose, either 2/3 majority is required in both houses or such changes need to be passed by referendum. Another argument that is generally given in favor of written constitution is the protection from extremists. It is claimed that a written constitution may offer protection in case an extremist comes to power and wishes to disregard the democratic procedures. It is also claimed t hat without the written constitution, there is no Bill of Rights in the UK that can protect the citizens from the actions of an over powerful government. Although the Human Rights Act is present in this regard but it provides the protection because the judges can only give a ruling that the new legislations are noncompliant with the Act and at the same time, if it so wishes, the government can even ignore these rulings. At the same time, it is also easy to amend the Human Rights Act and for this purpose only a simple majority is required in both the Houses. On the other hand, this fact cannot be denied that the United Kingdom has been able to survive very well without a written Constitution. The public is not looking for a written Constitution because the conventions governing the political procedure are well understood by it. At the same time, there is another perspective from which this issue can be considered and it lies in the doctrine of the sovereignty of the Parliament. According to this doctrine, Parliament is considered as supreme and only the Parliament has the power to make or break the laws. However the Parliament cannot bind its successors or at the same time the Parliament cannot be bound by its predecessors. If the notion of a written constitution is adopted by the UK, this doctrine may become totally irrelevant and it may not be in a position to execute itself as it did in the past due to the reason that the judges rule upon the written constitutions. In the United Kingdom, the judges are unelected and as a result, it is undemocratic to take away the power from the elected representatives of the people and give the same to the judges who sometimes tend to be reactionary. Flexibility is one of the most prominent benefits provided by the present system. If the government has the political mandate, the Constitution can be reformed by the government for example, as was done in the case of the House of Lords. On the other hand, if a two third majority was required in both the Houses, it was possible that such a measure may not have been passed. At this point, it also needs to be noted that in countries like the US where a written constitution is present, it is almost impossible to change the Constitution. The question arises in this regard at how we can become sure of the fact that what is best for the country at present will also remain the best for the country for the coming years also. UK is a unitary state and the Parliament at Westminster is the only body that can legislate for the country and all the laws in the UK including the law related with the Constitution can be enacted, amended or repealed by the Queen in Parliament. No specific procedure ha s been prescribed for changing the law and even the most significant laws can be changed with the help of single majority. This means that the decision-making process has not been muted in any way as a result of the previous legislation. Apart from these obvious points, it is also a fact that having an unwritten constitution has caused concern in the United Kingdom as there is no single document that stands alone but this fact also makes the position unique in itself. The position has somehow managed to operate effectively and proved itself to be an enduring system of governance. Although concerns have been raised from time to time, the nature of unwritten Constitution has effectively ironed out these concerns and has been working quite efficiently. The unwritten constitution of the United Kingdom is partly based on the Acts of Parliament and also on judicial decisions as well as on political practice and on the detailed procedures that have been established by different organs of government to perform their own tasks. In this way, the unwritten constitution of the United Kingdom provides a comprehensive and complex system of governance which has worked well in the United Kingdom. It can also be argued in this regard that it is not necessary that by adopting a written constitution, the current flexibility may be lost altogether. However it is not possible for the written Constitution to contain all the detailed rules on which the government depends. At this way, a written constitution generally evolves a wide range of customary rules and practices that are usually easier to change that they changed the constitution itself and at the same time, the constant evolution of these rules and practices also reduce the requirement for fo rmal amendment in the written Constitution. But the same thing is already happening in the United Kingdom where the Constitution is evolving with time in order to fulfill the demands of the people. Therefore as mentioned above, each constitution varies with the society. United Kingdom has long established doctrines and principles that are embedded in the minds of the people. It has resulted in the creation of the present society and despite several obstacles (that are present in case of credit and as well as the unwritten constitution), it has succeeded in developing one of the finest legal systems of the world and at the same time an excellent system of governance. There are a lot of people who believe that the system of unwritten constitution is working well in the country. It has been created over a long time and it has also seen the country grow into its present form. The present system has been developed on the basis of not only the great events but also on the great minds of the region which have given it a distinct flavor of pride. There is nothing of its kind and certainly the system is functional. Therefore, why should we tried to fix something that is not broken. Bibliography Bruce Ackerman, 2007 , The Living Constitution, Harvard Law Review, 7, vol. 120, May Said Amir Arjomand (ed.), 2007, Constitutional and Political Reconstruction (Leiden: Brill) Hiranmay Bagchi, 1969, Inside Major Constitutions: An analytical, comparative, critical and selective treaties on five Constitutions American, British, Indian, Soviet and Swiss (Calcutta: World Press) Sir John Baker, 2009, Our Unwritten Constitution, Maccabaean Lecture in Jurisprudence, British Academy Tony Benn and Andrew Hood, 1993, Common Sense: A New Constitution for Britain (London: Hutchinson) Tom Bingham, 2001, The Rule of Law (London: Allen Lane) Vernon Bogdanor, 1999, Devolution in the United Kingdom (Oxford: Oxford University Press) Vernon Bogdanor, Stephen Hockman QC et al., 2010, Towards a Codified Constitution, Justice Vernon Bogdanor, Tarunabh Khaitan and Steven Vogenauer, 2007, Should Britain Have a Written Constitution?, The Political Quarterly, Vol. 78, Issue 4 Rodney Brazier, 2008, Constitutional Reform: Reshaping the British Political System (Oxford: Oxford University Press) Beau Breslin, 2009, From Words to Worlds: Exploring constitutional functionality (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press) Chris Bryant (ed.), 2007, Towards a new constitutional settlement (The Smith Institute) Russell Deacon and Alan Sandry, 2007, Devolution in the United Kingdom (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press)

Sterilization Essay Example

Sterilization Essay The acceptance of birth control or sterilization with the purpose is eradicating disease or other debilitating medical issues, might be urged in different angles by different people or societies. For example some may urgue in preference of the individual autonomy, while others will urgue in favour of the communities or societies benefits.Forced sterilization and birth control methods, is an ideal that steamed up from the existing diseases and medical issues. This idea was brought about to cater for several situations .One of them being the phenomena of HIV/AIDS, which was threatening to wipe population in various parts of the world. Using this method was thought to prevent its spread since it is sexually transmitted. Not only HIV/AIDS but also other venereal like gonorrhea, and syphilis. Other medical situations believed to have resulted to development the idea of forced sterilizations is existence of diseases related to reproduction system, threatening the women’s or men†™s lives.Forced birth control and sterilization as a method serving the purpose of eradicating disease   or other debilitating medical issues is acceptable since though a few in the society will lose their reproductive autonomy, many are its benefits to the society . Some of the benefits of this method is preventing of spread venereal disease like HIV/AIDS. By use of birth control methods like condoms ensure that the spread of sexually transmitted diseases like gonorrhea, syphilis and others. The population will be ensured of safety from the venereal diseases. A health society is able to work hand in all economic sectors, including agriculture and business. This way the countries economy is guaranteed of improvementsAnother advantage is avoiding misery to innocent and blameless young children. For example in   case where someone who is HIV/AIDS positive, the child live a miserable and expensive life. Since human life is precious and can not be disposed before the maker claims it. The family and the society in general may use a lot of money to maintain the live of such a child.In cases where the involved persons life is in danger, forced to abort inorder to safe her life,is advantageous to the society as well as to herself, since the society population is saved from reduction . Other health problems that may result to sterilization are cases where the individual has got a disease related to reproductive system. A good example is when the individual is suffering either ovarian and uterian cancer. It may result to sterilization the effort safe such as a person’s life. In this case although the individual may lose his or her reproductive outonomy both the society and the individual benefit from it.There are some cases where the family or an individuals have got long records of giving birth to children with certain medical problems, doctors may order a forced sterilization or forced birth controls to curb the spread of such a problem which is noted to be hereditary.Although the benefits of the forced sterilization and birth control to the society in comparison to the individuals reproductive autonomy are evident, it has been opposed by opponent thinkers who urgue that the personal individual outomy is important and should be followed and never to be forced at all. The urgument continues by indicating that it is an abuse of human right. It is women who use most of the birth control.Studies indicate that women are the major uses of birth control methods. It is also them who suffer from disease related to reproduct live systems like cancer though not confirmed. So by imposing birth control methods is like abusing women right to decide whether   to use birth control methods or not. Also the decision of which method to use lies to her. By forcing them to objects with no right decision making concerning their body.Most of the birth control measures have side effects to the individual using them. Women who are the main users of the bi rth control methods as per the argument before and by being forced to use birth control measures exposes them to a lot of pain. A good example is a woman is sterilized for the reasons concerning her health, either eliminating or removing ovarian/uteri an cancer may develop other medical complications later in her life. For instance she might have an ectopic pregnancy (a situation where the fertilized egg attaches itself and grows outside the womb/ uterus,) which might require a closer medical attention and expensive at the some time.Being forced to use a condom as a way of preventing venereal diseases might also be costly to the society in terms of the population reduction. Although the primary purpose of using condoms in this case is to prevent spread of venereal diseases like gonorrhea, syphilis and HIV/AIDS at the same time, it prevents s conception.Another reason that makes forced birth control and sterilization unacceptable is because it is used to discriminate women in the soc iety. It is a system used by men to discriminate against them, this is according to CEDAW defination of violence to women since it involves imprisonment and punishment to those found violating its requirement i.e. the acceptance of birth control method and sterilization.The application of forceful birth control methods and sterilization is opposed, since it is seen to deny women access to information concerning different contraceptives, and also voluntary use without punishment or charges of offense.Although the individual’s autonomy is important, his /her health matters are important as well. Sometimes the individual’s health is important as compared to their freedom. A freedom to make decisions concerning their health might affect the society negatively. For example in case where an individual who is a victim of HIV given the freedom to choose either to use birth control measures or not may end up making a decision not to use which might result to spread of HIV/AIDS to the society hence endangering the population growth and health.In conclusion the forced birth control or sterilization is acceptable if the purpose is to eradicate disease or other debilitating medical issues since although a few individuals in the society will lose the freedom to make decision over their reproductive systems the wider society will benefit greatly. Women who are victims of the lose freedom to their reproductive systems, the whole society benefit which is made up of men and other members who are either directly related to the women. Effort should be made to create awareness on why and how it is important use birth control method or sterilization. It is my argument that though the importance of sterilizing for the safety of one’s life, like in the case of removing ones ovaries to safe her life, is clearly seen by everyone the decision should be left to the person in question.   It should not be imposed on him or her but the opportunity should be offered to the victim to decide whether she/he wants it or not, whether she or he is ready to face the risks and the challenges or not. Venereal diseases in Iran: (2006) pp 260-278).In eradication of disease and other debilitating medical issue. Create emphasis should be given to women whose violate the use of birth control method s and sterilization because ignorance and lack of information. This will avoid what is defined by CDWA as violation of women rightsThe effect of forced birth control measures or sterilization though negative at the beginning, produce positive long –lived results, promotion of health and economy of the country. These birth control measures or sterilization produce positive results hence worthy to be forced in cases where they are violated though against human freedom and rights. Awareness should be created about their importances in order to enhance voluntary use later, since can never understand their importance by imposing or forcing them along knowledge emp owers. In order to make the policy of forced birth control methods or sterilization, women should be involved in the decision making since the issue touches on them directly; otherwise the policy will be resisted. For example preventing HIV/AIDs in the population.   It has been noted that Aids as a disease is wiping the world’s population at a very high speed, so it follows that everyone sees the dangers involved.   What should be done is creating awareness on the importance, and then the decision should be left to an individual.

Apartheid Era Pass Laws of South Africa

Apartheid Era Pass Laws of South Africa As a system, apartheid focused on separating South African Indian, Colored, and African citizens according to their race. This was done to promote the superiority of Whites and to establish the minority White regime. Legislative laws were passed to accomplish this, including the Land Act of 1913, the Mixed Marriages Act of 1949, and the Immorality Amendment Act of 1950- all of which were created to separate the races. Under apartheid, pass laws were designed to control the movement of Africans and they are considered one of the most grievous methods that the South African government used to support apartheid. The resulting legislation (specifically Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents Act No. 67 of 1952) introduced in South Africa required black Africans to carry identity documents in the form of a reference book when outside a set of reserves (later known as homelands or bantustans). Pass laws evolved from regulations that the Dutch and British enacted during the 18th and 19th-century slave economy of the Cape Colony. In the 19th century, new pass laws were enacted to ensure a steady supply of cheap African labor for the diamond and gold mines. In 1952, the government passed an even more stringent law that required all African men age of 16 and over to carry a reference book (replacing the previous passbook) which held their personal and employment information. (Attempts to force women to carry pass books in 1910, and again during the 1950s, caused strong protests.) Pass Book Contents The pass book was similar to a passport in that it contained details about the individual, including a photograph, fingerprint, address, the name of his employer, how long the person had been employed, and other identifying information. Employers often entered an evaluation of the pass holders behavior. As defined by law, an employer could only be a White person. The pass also documented when permission was requested to be in a certain region and for what purpose, and whether that request was denied or granted. Under law, any governmental employee could remove these entries, essentially removing permission to stay in the area. If a pass book didnt have a valid entry, officials could arrest its owner and put him in prison. Colloquially, passes were known as the dompas, which literally meant the dumb pass. These passes became the most hated and despicable symbols of apartheid. Violating Pass Laws Africans often violated the pass laws in order to find work and support their families and thus lived under constant threat of fines, harassment, and arrests. Protest against the suffocating laws drove the anti-apartheid struggle- including the Defiance Campaign in the early 50s and the huge womens protest in Pretoria in 1956. In 1960, Africans burned their passes at the police station in Sharpeville and 69 protesters were killed. During the 70s and 80s, many Africans who violated pass laws lost their citizenship and were deported to impoverished rural homelands. By the time the pass laws were repealed in 1986, 17 million people had been arrested.

Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nursing - Essay Example This has become the prime importance in nursing ethics. The nursing profession wants the nurse to deliver the highest standards of honesty and ethics. ((Butts, p. 11) It is important that the nursing profession formulate and adheres to these ideals and do not try exploiting. Nursing ethics usually begins with the cases that they deal with in their daily work routines. It moves around the people that we come across in the health care system such as patients, families, physicians and other staffs. It cannot be learnt in the classes but when the nurse interacts with the patients, this becomes the foundation, and their work begins on ethical ground. The situation has to be evaluated with â€Å"caring, consideration, and a willingness to assume responsibility† (Butts, p. 11; Munson, 2004, p. 788).The nurse has to exhibit these qualities and has to help the patient. According to the World Medical Association the Oath taken by the nurse is ‘the health and the life of my patient will be my first consideration.’ (Harrington, p.102) It means they take the Oath and to maintain this they need to feel responsible and upheld the moral values. Nurses have to exhibit these qualities with the people they are dealing with effectively. The two important ethics of nursing are autonomy and act as patients’ advocate. The ethical goal also is to safeguard the patient’s information and to build in the trust and confidence. Respect for autonomy: The principle of beneficence can be taken into consideration, which means to take action that promotes welfare of other people. Sometimes the conflict occurs if nurse decide to act in ways that they believe are for a patient’s own good. These actions are opposed to the patients’ references. The autonomy nature which... This essay approves that the confidentiality of the patient’s information is the prime responsibility and the nurse has to show the ethical values and inculcate the habit of not discussing patient’s information in public places and so forth. Another ethical issue is protecting patients from negligent co-workers and to help them when needed. There is ethical confrontation that the nurse has to go through in the day to day life. But we can see that the nursing education is dominated by the medical profession. The problem with nursing can directly impact the problem with healthcare. The major issue that has to be sorted out is the nursing shortage. Most of us are aware of the nursing shortage and are concerned, as we go through the negative experience when we visit the short staffed hospitals. The integral part of hospitals, nursing homes, home health agencies form the nursing. Nursing faculty turnover is also a concern within nursing educational institutes. The disparity in the salaries between the faculty and the nurse is one of the reasons. The Blue Ribbon commission and the concept of differentiated practice have led to reformation. This report makes a conclusion that nursing is a profession distinct from medicine and it emphasizes on ‘the medicine cures whereas the nurse cares."This kind of reformative and innovative methods brings in the hope of achieving success in the field of health care. When the level of satisfaction of the patient and the skills of the nurse synchronize then we can expect the harmony that can yield positive outcomes.

Solutions to Rent-Seeking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Solutions to Rent-Seeking - Research Paper Example Third, NIE is reform oriented, seeking to change the institutions that it studies and through them the greater society at large. Different from other socio-cultural philosophies, NIE seeks validity in judgment through cost/benefit and traditional economic methods based in statistics. Whereas traditional economics may be considered the logic of the status quo in modern society, NIE retains a challenging and critical force using economic theory and analysis to promote reform or change in institutions. The institutions themselves may be public, private, corporate, governmental, educational, non-profit- all can be analyzed equally through the principles of NIE and from this research change in business practices, governmental policies, and industry regulation may result. Arguably, this is the positive social role for economics in modern societies, and contextualizes NIE in a relationship with a progressive view of society and societal evolution. The foundational research for NIE was conducted by Ronald Coase, Douglass North, and Oliver Williamson. â€Å"Institutions frame behaviors and exchanges in markets, business networks, communities, and organizations throughout the world†¦ The fast-growing field of ‘new institutional economics’ (NIE) analyzes the economics of institutions and organizations using methodologies from a wide range of disciplines (including political science, anthropology, sociology, management, law, and economics).† (Brousseau & Galachant, 2008) Having defined New Institutional Economics, this essay will examine the work of Ronald Coase as paradigmatic of the NIE school of thought, and show how it creates the ground for Gordon Tullock’s research on rent seeking. From this basis, the essay will examine current events as transpired with the recent â€Å"Wall St. Bailout,† estimated to have cost the U.S. taxpayers between $4 and $15 trillion

Dionaea Muscipula As A Carnivorous Plant Research Paper

Dionaea Muscipula As A Carnivorous Plant - Research Paper Example This gives the plant a small boost of nutrients hence promoting growth. Like any other plant that exists, the Venus flytrap also performs photosynthesis. The Venus flytrap’s leaves perform photosynthesis. The plants make use of the sunlight’s energy in creating sugar for fueling the plant. The broad leaves that are just below the traps act as the solar collectors. There is a very close relationship that is in existence between the plants’ activities of insect trapping and the plant’s rate of photosynthesis. The rate of photosynthesis on the Venus flytrap plants tends to slow down during as well as after the closure of the trap. Although the Venus flytrap is a carnivorous plant, photosynthesis is essential for the survival of this plant. The above discussion gives an analysis of how the bio system of the Venus flytrap works. It is a plant with unique characters. It is evident that its carnivorous status acts as an adaptive feature of this plant in its boggy environment. It grows in an environment that lacks very crucial nutrients. Digestion of the insects helps the plant to extract these nutrients hence supplementing the deficiency of these nutrients in the plants. These nutrients include nitrogen and phosphorous. The plant requires these nutrients so as to survive. It is hence evident that the plant has to trap insects and feed on them so as to survive. The electrical properties of the Venus flytrap are essential in the built environment as they help in responding to stress, which might be experienced in the environment.

Adopting Agile Project Management Methodology Management Essay

Adopting Agile Project Management Methodology Management Essay Agile project management is considered as one of the flexible and interactive project management approach. Agile methodology, as its meaning would suggest, is adopted for rapid development projects. It is very much different than the traditional project management technique which is considered to be more structured and disciplined. Deliberate planning and designing various control methods is inherent part of the traditional style. Normally all the tasks are completed in a predefined sequence to ensure the success which requires lot of planning to be done up front. Evolution: As the business processes became more and more complex they also became more interdependent than ever before. Along with the processes the organizational structure of business also changed in order to support complex communities, comprised of alliances with strategic suppliers, outsourcing vendors and partnerships and ever increasing competitors. With time-to-market compression and rapidly changing technologies fast track development has become the order of the day for most of the business. This increased importance of agile project management methodologies. Agile management is derived from the agile software development and hence it is a variant of iterative life cycle process.   In agile methodology, the evaluation of the project requirements and the end product/solution is a collaborative effort between self-organized, cross-functional teams across the organization or may be from different organizations. Comparison with Traditional Approach Agile project management methodology differs from traditional project management methodology which gives more attention to making software development a better process and hence it gives importance to contract negotiation (managing scope), comprehensive documentation, maintaining and following a project plan with the help of various processes and tools. In contrast, Agile methodology gives stress upon working software and responding to constant changes and there by gaining customer satisfaction. Having frequent client interactions is one of the most important attribute to the success of this approach. Challenges Associated with Agile Methodology Many companies, such as IBM, have adopted agile development because of its underlying benefits of being flexible, simple and fast. The customer centric approach of this methodology makes it very popular amongst the customers and also the possibility of project being self supporting even in the initial stages lures businessmen towards it. Because of these and many other advantages the some of the inherent problems such scope management, risk management issues are overlooked. Normally these issues arise due to lack of planning and documentation for the project, which goes against the agile methodology. This also raises the possibility of indentifying problems/dependencies in the later part of the projects. The complete development becomes person dependant rather than process dependant and team dynamics and HR strategies in the company becomes key ingredients in the success of project. It should be noted that as such process also adds an additional variable in the form customers. Customers get an influential seat at the table to shape the value proposition of the project as it unfolds. They are actively involved in the development process to establish, prioritize, and verify requirements at each and every stage. The ability of agile methodology to adapt to changing customer priorities and requirements keep the project current and relevant. But with such frequent changes in the requirements and scope of the project, strong commitment to the business milestones, which is one of the features of agile methodology, becomes difficult if the project is not managed properly. Because of the high dependency on team dynamics it is often difficult to apply agile methodologies to large project teams and large scale projects, where better planning is required. But it suits the company having culture of innovation as the focus is never shifted from exploratory development to planning and controlling. Research Objective As seen above there are positives and negatives of both the project management methodologies. According a survey taken by one of the leading companies, about 50% of business correspondents claim that agile methods had been successful in about 95% of their projects, where are remaining say that such methods are still too premature and require extensive academic proof/research. I am hoping that through this research paper I am able to explore the challenges faced by such business correspondents while implementing agile project management methodology. I will try to find if adopting agile methodology guaranties success. This paper will also focus on handling change management, risk management, HR issues and Team management issues. Research will stress on various ways of tackling these problems to increase the probability of success. The research will also touch upon adopting the traditional project management activities such as project plan, earned value analysis, balance sheets into the agile project management. The Common practices followed in different types of methodologies for agile project management such as SCRUM, XP, CRYSTAL, EVO will also be discussed in this paper. Sources: Project Management the Agile Way: Making It Work in the Enterprise   By John C. Goodpasture The Blending of Traditional and Agile Management By Kathleen B. Hass, Published in PM World Today May 2007 (Vol. IX, Issue V) Agile Project Management Methods for IT Projects By Glen B. Alleman Wikipedia

Black Holes :: essays research papers

Black Holes A black hole is the velocity necessary to take one away from one’s own gravitational force. For example, the escape velocity of earth is equal to 11 km/s. anything that wants to escape earth's gravitational force or pull must go at least 11 km/s, no matter what the thing is . The escape velocity of an object depends on how compact it is; that is, the ratio of its mass to radius. A black hole is an object so compact that, close to it, even the speed of light is not fast enough to escape. A common type of black hole is the type produced by some dying stars. A star with a mass greater than 20 times the mass of our Sun may produce a black hole at the end of its life. In the normal life of a star there is a constant tug of war between gravity pulling in and pressure pushing out. Nuclear reactions in the core of the star produce enough energy to push out. For most of a star's life, gravity and pressure balance each other exactly, and so the star is stable. However, when a star runs out of nuclear fuel, gravity gets the upper hand and the material in the core is compressed even further. The more massive the core of the star, the greater the force of gravity that compresses the material, collapsing it under its own weight. For small stars, when the nuclear fuel is exhausted and there are no more nuclear reactions to fight gravity, the repulsive forces among electrons within the star eventually create enough pressure to halt further gravitational collapse. The star then cool s and dies peacefully. This type of star is called the "white dwarf." When a very massive star exhausts its nuclear fuel it explodes as a supernova. The outer parts of the star are sent into space and the core falls under its own weight. To create a massive core a progenitor (ancestral) star would need to be at least 20 times more massive than our Sun. If the core is very massive (approximately 2.5 times more massive than the Sun), no known repulsive force inside a star can push back hard enough to prevent gravity from completely collapsing the core into a black hole. Then the core compacts into a mathematical point with zero volume, where it is has infinite density.

Leadership – Charismatic Individuals or Contingent Characteristics

Leadership – Charismatic Individuals or Contingent Characteristics? A brief analysis of charismatic and situational leaders, leadership and styles. Linesh Palayadan, Cass Business School, City university London, UK. â€Å"Men make history and not the other way around. In periods where there is no leadership, society stands still. Progress occurs when courageous, skilful leaders seize the opportunity to change things for the better† – Harry S. Truman It goes without saying that human beings couldn’t have achieved what they have achieved if they had not worked in groups.Teamwork is probably one of the most important â€Å"inventions† of mankind which does not get explicitly mentioned when one refers about the tools and evolution of human beings from the pre-historic times. None of the magnificent creations of human beings we see today could have been possibly achieved without humans coming in teams and working for a common goal. Teams by themselves ca nnot be successful if they do not have a clear direction or vision. The team is bound to fail in achieving the results if there is no coordination, synchronisation and communication between team members.The concept of team itself comes into existence only because of the arising of a necessity or a goal that would benefit the society, and the means to achieve it cannot be implemented by an individual, however able and skilful he or she may be. Members of the team can be of extremely different personalities, skills and characteristics and every member has his/her own ideas on how to achieve the common goal. It is precisely at this point that the need for a leader arises.What is required is a leader who can channel the necessary skills from the team members towards the common goal and maintain the harmony and coordination between them at the same time. Numerous theories have been postulated on how a leader should be and what the characteristics of the leader should be. Some theories hy pothesised that leaders cannot be made but are born and those personalities or so called â€Å"traits† cannot be cultivated in a person who is not already a born leader while others strongly suggested that given the right circumstances, leaders emerge based on situations and contingencies.Organisations put forward certain requirements for interviewing candidates for its key posts. We all have come across requirements in Job advertisements like good communications, effectiveness in groups, taking initiative, firm under pressure etc. (S Fineman, Y Gabriel, D Sims, 2011). Are these the only qualities of leaders? Can a person with those qualities be successful as a leader? Do these qualities exist as inborn traits in a person? Or can these qualities be inculcated in a person through training and development? What are the different kinds of leaders?What makes a leader outstanding from others? These are some of the questions that we will try to analyse with the help of some specifi c theories which have been proposed before. Two main theories that propose the idea that the qualities required for leadership are inborn in the person or are â€Å"traits† of an individual are the â€Å"Trait theory† and â€Å"Charismatic leadership theory†. While the Trait theory has its origins in the early twentieth century, charismatic leadership theory is more recent and is more or less a return to trait theory.The Trait leadership concept was proposed in Thomas Carlyle’s â€Å"great man† theory where he proposed that â€Å"The history of the world is but the biography of great men†(Carlyle, 1907). He believed that leaders have certain immutable traits which cannot be developed in others. Remarkable developments in behavioural sciences since have led to the decline in favour for the great man theory (David L Cawthon, 1996). The charismatic leadership theory states that the leaders have an innate set of abilities or charisma which canno t be explained (Conger & Kanungo, 1988).These leaders first try to understand the opportunities, possibilities and constrains as well as the preferences and needs of the team members. They then set a vision for a path which accommodates opportunities as well as the preferences and needs of the team members. The final stage is the actual implementation of the vision, motivating the followers in the process. At this stage they also stage demonstrations which projects their image, courage, dedication to the cause, sacrifice etc. (C Jacobsen, R J. House 2001).Charismatic leaders are often value driven, visionaries and have a trail of success stories which motivates the followers. The primary risk of this style of leadership is that it may not be effective in all the contexts and such leaders can fade into oblivion as soon as the context changes. Perhaps the most striking example of Charismatic leadership is that of Sir Winston Churchill who proved to be a very effective war time leader and prime minister but was voted out when elections were held after Page 1 he war because people did not consider him as somebody who could effectively handle post-war reforms (Roy Jenkins, 2003). One of the strongly criticized and censured leaders of all times is Adolf Hitler who because of his war crimes and atrocities, went down in history as a bad leader. How did he rise from his humble beginnings to the all-powerful leader of a country which had the potential to be the most powerful country in the world if had won in the Second World War? The art of leadership†¦ onsists of consolidating the attention of the people against a single adversary and taking care that nothing will split up that attention. – Adolf Hitler Hitler took advantage of the fact that people in Germany were disillusioned with the leadership at that time and they were looking for a leader who would turn their insult and injury into victory and fame. (Gardner, 1995, p. 334)He was a wonderful orator wh o could mesmerise his audience with his speech through which he was successful in convincing the people of Germany that he was their only hope and only he could catapult Germany to the realms of success and prosperity.His charisma in motivating the masses(John Dreijmanis, 2005) through speeches, vision and aggressive nationalism led to mass hysteria, hope and a sense of pride and nationalism in the people, which in turn catapulted him to the highest realms of power. His leadership notwithstanding the ultimate failures he had was instrumental in uniting German people and hence can be classed under strong Charismatic leadership.One of the most recent, remarkable and widely reported event in India was the movement against corruption by a common man named Mr Anna Hazare (NY times, Oct 2011). Until recently little was known about the man nationwide and in a span of about 6 months almost every household in India knew about him because of his protest against corruption and his demands to b ring a corruption prevention watchdog with unprecedented sweeping powers which had the potential to put many corrupt politicians and officials behind bars (Reuters Aug 2011).A social worker and an ardent follower of Mahatma Gandhi(N Y times August 18, 2011), Mr Hazare is a 74 year old man, who is not a mesmerising orator, but still managed to mobilise hundreds of millions of Indians throughout India and abroad to pressurise the Indian government to constitute such a watch dog. He later went on to sit for an indefinite hunger strike until his demands were met. The use of technology for the movement was unprecedented. Indians all over the world used online media web-sites like twitter and Facebook to move mass opinion in his favour and to hold protest rallies in major capitals of the world.Such was the scale of support for him that Indian government finally relented to agree to his demands (Times of India, Sep 2011). In the Indian capital of New-Delhi, hundreds of thousands of people from different parts of India descended on to the venue of the peaceful protest, provoking government fears for law and order problems. Different Business schools in India conducted studies as to how this frail old man was able to mobilise masses in such huge numbers and provide leadership to them in what is described as one of largest protest movements in post-independence India (Businesstoday, Aug 2011).They wanted to know how his leadership example could be useful for the future business leaders. Under his leadership many volunteers and charitable organisations came together under one umbrella for organising and maintaining the venue and order, organising and coordinating media related activities, publicity, logistics etc. His leadership style is more of a democratic form of leadership although there is a major element of charisma attached. Weber, 1968 has pointed out that a charismatic leader is likely to appear when social situation makes people feel distress (RJ House, 2001).I n this case the people of India have been so much frustrated with corruption that right environment was created for the emergence of such a leader. Shamir, House and Arthur (1993) have described in a bit more detail as to what those conducive conditions could be. They have listed four situations that can catalyse the emergence of Charismatic leaders. First, the situation is perceived as a threat to important values. Second, relationship between goal accomplishment and performance is unclear. Third, the situation is unstable and fourth it requires exceptional effort.These situations give rise to a weak psychological situation in which a charismatic leader can easily emerge and influence the followers provided he is able to offer hope and solution to the people. In the above example and also in case of post-world war I Germany, situations were quite favourable for the emergence of a charismatic leader. Bendix (1985) states that in such situations it is not certain that a charismatic l eader will evolve in spite of the prevailing conducive conditions and utter necessity for such a leader(C Jacobsen, R J. House, p77, 2001). He also says that it is entirely possible that a charismatic who ossesses none of the above said characteristics may emerge a leader by articulating ideological, moral or other values relevant to the prevailing conditions. Another theory of leadership called behavioural model (Blake & Mouton, 1964) states that all leaders can be placed on a grid which evaluates them based on their people concern and task completion concern. According to Page 2 behavioural model, different kinds of leaderships may be prevalent in different organisations which may go from one extreme to another in terms of concern for people and concern for task.A firm in which managers exhibit so called â€Å"impoverished or indifferent† style leadership, where managers have little concern for job completion or people, is rich in disorganisation, dissatisfaction and dishar mony. The other extreme end of this style is â€Å"Sound style† where there is high concern for people and productivity. Such organisations are bound to succeed as they have high productivity and motivation and belongingness among employees is also very high.Some organisations exhibit â€Å"country club style† leadership where concern for people is very high but not for productivity. The leaders do not want people to be unhappy and such organisations are not very successful. Another extreme is the â€Å"Dictatorial style† where there is no concern for people but very high concern for productivity. Productivity in such organisations may be very high in the shorter term but these organisations suffer from high employee turnover due to enforcement of strict rules, regulations and punishments.Most of the organisations follow what is called the â€Å"middle-of-the-road style† where leaders show some concern for both people and productivity hoping to achieve ac ceptable results. One of the most prominent schools of thought in leadership theories is â€Å"Situational or Contingency theory†. Proposed originally by Hersey & Blanchard, 1982, it states that leaders must vary their leadership style based on subordinate’s competency and commitment. A leader’s style should be â€Å"Delegation† if the team members are competent and committed, â€Å"Telling† or directive if they are neither competent nor committed.In case where the team members are competent but not committed the style should be â€Å"Participating† and the final case in which the team members are committed but not competent, the style should be â€Å"selling†. Fred Fiedler’s contingency model states the relationship between leadership style and favourableness of the situation (Fred Luthans, 1992). His studies suggest that situations are favourable for the leader if the three dimensions are high, the dimensions being 1. Leader- member relationship 2.Degree of task structure 3. Leader’s position power through formal authority. He also found that if the above dimensions are very favourable or very unfavourable, directive or â€Å"hard-nosed leaders† are more effective whereas lenient leaders are more effective in situations where the dimensions are moderately favourable. My extensive experience in various successful IT and engineering companies, compel me to come to the conclusion that these companies have adopted situational leadership as their main strategy.The reason for this may be that such companies require their engineers to be productive from day one and as they become more experienced, they are expected to assume the ownership of the modules they work on and become the point of contact for all issues on the module. The leaders in such cases assume different forms of situational leadership to deal with different team members depending on their willingness and ability. Once the leader is convinced of the team member’s competence and commitment, delegation is the form of leadership he or she chooses for that team member.Since performance in terms of the quality of work done and sticking to schedule is the main criteria in assessing the performance in such companies, telling style of leadership is also very common and results in redundancies many times when the team members are unwilling and unable. In larger companies, Transformational form of leadership (Bernard M. Bass, 1985) is also not very uncommon nowadays in which the leader takes care to develop and transform his or her followers through, inspirational motivation, intellectual simulation, idealised influence and most importantly individualized consideration.Leadership whatever form it may assume is an essential skill without which the society will have little progress. Leaders need courage, vision and determination to change things for better. The need for better leaders will never cease to exist and right people with right skills will always seize the opportunity to lead the world for a better tomorrow. References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Ann Florini. The Right to Know: Transparency for an Open World. New York, 23: Columbia University Press. Bass, B. M. 1998. Transformational leadership: Industrial, military, and educational impact.Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum Bendix, R. 1985. Reflections on Charismatic leadership. Blake, R. , Mouton, J. 1964. The Managerial Grid: The Key to Leadership Excellence. C Jacobsen, R J. House 2001 Dynamics of charismatic leadership A process theory, simulation, and tests 75-112 The leadership quarterly 12 David L. Cawthon, 1996. The Great Man Theory Revisited, Business Horizons. Fred Luthans, 1992. Organisational behaviour 276,277 Hersey, P. , & Blanchard, K. , 1982. Management of organizational behaviour, 4th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.John Dreijmanis, 2005 A portrait of the artist as a politician: the case of Adolf Hitler, 3, Science Dire ct. S J. Zaccaro, Zachary N. J. , 2003. Leadership theory and practice: Fostering an effective symbiosis, Science direct. Page 3 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. S Fineman, Y Gabriel, D Sims, 2011. Organising and Organisations. Roy Jenkins, 2003. Churchill: A Biography, Victory in Europe and Defeat in Britain, PP789-819 (Paperback) http://www. nytimes. com/2011/08/21/world/asia/21india. html? _r=1 http://www. nytimes. com/2011/08/22/world/asia/22india. html http://in. reuters. om/article/2011/08/24/idINIndia-58938520110824 http://www. washingtonpost. com/world/india_agrees_to_protesters_demand_on_graft_panel/2011/04/09/AFFyy05C_story. html? wprss=rss_homepa ge http://www. nytimes. com/2011/08/19/world/asia/19hazare. html http://businesstoday. intoday. in/story/fms-students-study-annas-stir-against-corruption/1/18220. html http://articles. timesofindia. indiatimes. com/2011-09-02/ranchi/30105617_1_munish-thakur-case-study-lokpal-movement Special thanks to Prof Cliff Oswick, Ca ss Business School, for Guidance and permission to use his lecture materials and contents. Page 4

Learning Style and Brain Dominance

When analyzing the three mentioned ways of learning patterns, they portrayed auditory learners as the best listeners, and usually reads out loud which help them recall what they read. People with a â€Å"Kinesthetic† learning pattern are usually hands on, they are described as the people who will take things apart and put them back together in order to recall what they learned. They are also very fond of using body gestures when they talk. â€Å"Visual† was also mentioned as one of the main learning patterns, people who fall under this category usually recall what they learn by recollecting visual images, and they tend to be very detail oriented.As all our fingers are not equal, neither is our personality. Everyone has their own comfort zone when it comes to learning. When taking the brain dominance test, I felt I have a combination of both. My final score said something different; it put me more on the right side. I guess we can say the brain is who we are; it controls your being and portrays your personality. I guess that is why we have choices because if we all use the same part of the brain we would understand each other and get along, I am not sure if that would be a fun world, we need the pros and cons of life that is why we cannot think and do things equally.Left brainers are said to be very logical and detailed oriented, while right brainers always views and analyze things with the bigger picture, they are auditory and sometimes detail oriented. My knowledge of brain dominance and learning style will affect my professional life by directing me toward the professions and roles which would make best use of analytical ability and attention to detail. The one thing I have not done is try to figure out my comfort zone when it comes to learning, but with this study I am going to be able to assess myself better to see where I fall short when it comes to learning.I am going to start making a better judgment call; I think it is very important to un derstand how to be able to help another. I am going to make it a point to use this new knowledge to access my personal and professional life to make it better and less stressful. This assessment will enable me to enhance my personal life by bringing to level of conscious realization not all people view things in the same way that I do and so it will help me ngage them to understand them for better team effort in both personal and career perspective. I believe knowing that everyone thinks and do things differently, as a manager; it will help me control any emotion that gets in the way of my management. As we are all human and have feelings, when it comes to the professional life, emotions are to be set aside which is very hard to do sometimes. Assessing yourself and knowing who you are will help control emotions when it comes to managing employees at the work placeTo conclude, whether â€Å"Visual, Auditory or Kinesthetic†, we are all unique in a way so we just need to find wh o we are and what best works for us and approach life as we learn about ourselves the best way possible. I will utilize this new found knowledge to effectively engage others in an attempt to build better relationships and enhance communication; I will use this knowledge to foster acceptance and understanding of those who view the world from a perspective other than my own Learning Style and Brain Dominance When analyzing the three mentioned ways of learning patterns, they portrayed auditory learners as the best listeners, and usually reads out loud which help them recall what they read. People with a â€Å"Kinesthetic† learning pattern are usually hands on, they are described as the people who will take things apart and put them back together in order to recall what they learned. They are also very fond of using body gestures when they talk. â€Å"Visual† was also mentioned as one of the main learning patterns, people who fall under this category usually recall what they learn by recollecting visual images, and they tend to be very detail oriented.As all our fingers are not equal, neither is our personality. Everyone has their own comfort zone when it comes to learning. When taking the brain dominance test, I felt I have a combination of both. My final score said something different; it put me more on the right side. I guess we can say the brain is who we are; it controls your being and portrays your personality. I guess that is why we have choices because if we all use the same part of the brain we would understand each other and get along, I am not sure if that would be a fun world, we need the pros and cons of life that is why we cannot think and do things equally.Left brainers are said to be very logical and detailed oriented, while right brainers always views and analyze things with the bigger picture, they are auditory and sometimes detail oriented. My knowledge of brain dominance and learning style will affect my professional life by directing me toward the professions and roles which would make best use of analytical ability and attention to detail. The one thing I have not done is try to figure out my comfort zone when it comes to learning, but with this study I am going to be able to assess myself better to see where I fall short when it comes to learning.I am going to start making a better judgment call; I think it is very important to un derstand how to be able to help another. I am going to make it a point to use this new knowledge to access my personal and professional life to make it better and less stressful. This assessment will enable me to enhance my personal life by bringing to level of conscious realization not all people view things in the same way that I do and so it will help me ngage them to understand them for better team effort in both personal and career perspective. I believe knowing that everyone thinks and do things differently, as a manager; it will help me control any emotion that gets in the way of my management. As we are all human and have feelings, when it comes to the professional life, emotions are to be set aside which is very hard to do sometimes. Assessing yourself and knowing who you are will help control emotions when it comes to managing employees at the work placeTo conclude, whether â€Å"Visual, Auditory or Kinesthetic†, we are all unique in a way so we just need to find wh o we are and what best works for us and approach life as we learn about ourselves the best way possible. I will utilize this new found knowledge to effectively engage others in an attempt to build better relationships and enhance communication; I will use this knowledge to foster acceptance and understanding of those who view the world from a perspective other than my own

Case Rendell Essays

Case Rendell Essays Case Rendell Essay Case Rendell Essay The corporate control organization was responsible for uncial accounting, internal auditing, and analysis of capital budgeting interest. Those functions are divided into each strategic business unit that corresponds to product lines that was led by divisional general manager and divisional controller as an assistant for budgets and performances reports. Several concerns emerged within the company as functions are colliding and the system are deemed to be biased. Basic task such as budgets and performance reports are viewed as influenced by the relationship between the divisional general manager and the divisional controller. After careful study to another company in Marten, Mr. Veins enthused to reinvent Roundels organizational structure. One of the tangible change is to transform the relationship of controller to be more direct, divisional controller should report straight to him instead of the general managers. Nevertheless, arguments arose to reconsider the transformation as other employee such as his assistant, argues that general managers would be reluctant to have a direct relationship because the division controller is perceived as a front office spy. . Contextual Idea Management control involves managers taking steps to help ensure that the employees do what is best for the organization. This is an important function because it is people in the organization who make things happen. Management controls are necessary to guard against the possibilities that people will do something the organization does not want them to do or fail to do something they should do. Changes in mechanisms and practices wi ll usually have immediate and direct effects on the effectiveness of Macs. If all employees could always be relied on to do what is best for the organization, here would be no need for an MASC.. But employees are sometimes unable or unwilling to act in the organizations best interest, so managers must take steps to guard against the occurrence, and particularly the persistence, of undesirable behaviors and to encourage desirable behaviors. Employees, particularly managers, are also prone to make decisions that serve their interests, but not those of their organization. They tend to overspend on things that make their lives more pleasant, such as on office accoutrements and other perks. They often engage in gamesmanship such as earnings management to make their performance reports look good even when they know the actions they are taking have no economic value to the company and, in Some cases, are actually harmful. And they sometimes tend to be excessively risk averse and reluctant to make even good investments because of fear that if the investments do not pay off, they may lose their job. 3. The Case of Rendered Company 3. 1 Organizational Philosophy of Marten The organizational philosophy of Marten in regards to the Management Control System is that the company has a more direct approach towards the relationship between divisional controller and corporate controller as the controlling bodies with report unswervingly to each other in order to establish a transparency of information on business performance issues. With the nature of this philosophy, corporate controller feel more confident in the reports given by divisional controller. However, there will be a tendency of biased information and lack of quality in the decision regarding to issues in the organization. As a result, divisional controller will lean its loyalty towards corporate controller and possibly there will be decreasing trust of the managers. Rendered should carefully resolve this inevitable issues before implementing Marten philosophy in the organization. As mentioned before, changes in mechanisms and practices will usually have immediate and direct effects on the effectiveness of Macs. Workers might feel over stepped and if high level of distrust occur within the team, it could lead to a bad working atmosphere and in turn disrupt the companys business performance. . 2 Divisional Controller Report With the aim to retain organizational stability and its efficiency, Roundels divisional controllers should report to divisional general manager. The existence Of good organizational structure that enables manager and controllers connection will support them to resolve tactical issues within the organization. The probable mistrust among workers is a dire problems that need to be avoided at all cost, therefore Rendered should improve current system instead of implementing new and untested alteration. 3. 3 Corporate ND Divisional Relationship As mentioned before the relationship between the corporate controller and the divisional controller should be such that there will be no biased information by the division controllers to the corporate controller. As result, there Will be confidence in reports given by the divisional controller. All of this can be applied if there is good communication within the organization. With this in mind, division managers should not isolate division controllers from the management team in order to establish a good work environment. By cautiously these steps, Rendered will assuredly establish this relationship steadily: more communication corporate controllers and divisional controllers engage divisional controllers and the corporate controller into a corporate discussions/connection-building assemble periodical meetings to review the effectiveness of companys MASC. 3. Responsibilities To resolve preceding issues in Rendered, corporate and divisional controllers should be straightforwardly responsible in budgets and performance reports for the companys benefits. If Rendered would like to further unravel budget issues, the company may implement supplementary control system, noted that it will not disrupt current dynamics in the organization. 4. Conclusion From the disposition of Mr. Veins to adopt Martens system in the company that stated in the case we can conclude that the organizational philosophy of Marten with respect to the controller function, emphasized the importance of directness report to the corporate controller from the responsibility of the division manager. The system can greatly contribute to improvements on monitoring corporate cost and preparing divisional budget from the company- level management perspective. Yet the consequences of the implementation should not be mistreated since there might be an interest of inconformity between division and corporate. Therefore the consideration should be whether the change is necessary or instead improvement of the current system that need to take place. Enhancement in aspects such as communication and quality of the reports should be taken into consideration for all functions that held responsible with the intention of sustaining business performance as whole.

Sport in Lithuania Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Sport in Lithuania - Essay Example (Klimas, V. & Baublyte, M. 1997) The country's economy is based on a free market that has capitalistic principles. The government of Lithuania pursues a flat rate tax and the rate of unemployment in this country is very low and this has further led into the notion of the Baltic tiger. However the country has been in transition fro an economy that is communistically planned but it has also faced crisis in its financial sector partly because of the financial crisis in Russia. The country's GDP has grown by a rate of 7.5% since the year 2005 whereas the rate of inflation grew by 3%. The country's purchasing power parity is approximately $48.49 billion and the per capita income is estimated to be $15, 858. On the other hand the industrial composition of this country is estimated to be 33% the countries industries are inclusive of machine tools and metal cutting, television sets, food processing computers, optical equipment amongst others. The earliest inhabitants in Lithuania date back to 10,000 BC. The Lithuanians are neither Germanic nor Slavic even though the country's union with Germanic, Poland and Russian colonization as well as settlement left the religious and cultural influences. (K. Dawisha, B. Parrott 997) In the country of Lithuania the homogeneous population is the Lithuania and according to census that was conducted in the year 2001 84% of the population positively identified themselves as Lithuanians, 7% as the poles, 6% as the Russians, and 1.5% as the Belarusian's and 2% as the members of the other ethnic groups. The high percentage of the Lithuanians in the country could be highly influenced by the fact that in the 1990s the Lithuanian government embarked on granting citizenship to any person who lived in the country and also wished to have the country's citizenship. (Kaunas medical academy 1998) In the country's Vilnius region there is a higher concentration of the Poles. On the other hand the Russians in the country even though they are not very numerous such as the poles they are more evenly scattered even though they lack strong political parties. The ethnic composition in Lithuania has however undergone very dramatic changes with the most prominent changes being the extermination of the Jewish population during the holocaust. It is easier to obtain citizenship in this country than in the many other European countries. All the citizens in this country have had the liberty to freely participate in any sporting activity that exists in the country. However some of the sporting events have either marginalized the males or the females. For instance the country's football teams consist of only male parties whereas the majority participants in the cycling sport are the females. Religion. Majority of the Lithuanians belong to the Roman Catholic Church which has been the

Small Animal Husbandry Videos Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Small Animal Husbandry Videos - Movie Review Example This should be repeated to the moment the pet eats the food from the pill popper. The important thing about this step is patience in getting one’s get used to the procedure. The next step in this sequence is staying near the pet while it is eating its food from the pill popper, and holding the popper in the process. Later, one should hand-feed the pet from the popper so that the pet is used to it. With this step successful, one can place a pill mixed with the food on the outside of the pill popper and feed the pet. In the next step, the pet is already excited to eat the pill.  This piece is Dr. Andy Roark’s guide to pet owners addressing the issue of fleas on cats and dogs. Dr. Roark in a humorous way explains how to get rid of fleas on pets without using the flea shampoo. Significantly, the narrator states that fleas are not only a pet problem but also a housing problem because fleas had already laid eggs in the house by the time the owner noticed them on the pet. Sr . Roark suggests that a pet should be on the flea preventatives for a year. If not, it should be at least three months. Otherwise, the owner will be trapped in a vicious cycle. Another solution is flea medicine, but it applies only to adult cats and dogs. Moreover, there is a need to get advice from a vet before buying flea medicine, as there is a lot of worthless cheap medicine for pets. A good solution for puppies and kittens appears to be dish detergent. For cats, removing fleas works with a comb with a mixture of detergent and water. For dogs, it would be a simple bath with detergent in water. An important thing to remember is treating all pets in the house, as the fleas would likely move to another pet if it is not treated as well. Finally, treating the whole house is also an essential point in removing fleas because fleas may be in the house, but now on the pet yet.